Tarihin Ci gaban Titanium Alloy Development

Titanium, wani muhimmin ƙarfe na tsari da aka haɓaka a shekarun 1950, ana amfani da shi sosai a fagage daban-daban saboda ƙarfinsa, kyakkyawan juriya na lalata, da tsananin zafi. Kasashe da yawa a duniya sun fahimci mahimmancin alloys na titanium kuma sun gudanar da bincike da haɓaka, wanda ya haifar da aikace-aikacen su.

Na farko m titanium gami shi ne Ti-6Al-4V gami, ɓullo da a Amurka a 1954. Saboda da kyau kwarai zafi juriya, ƙarfi, ductility, taurin, formability, weldability, lalata juriya, da kuma biocompatibility, shi ya zama flagship gami a cikin titanium gami masana'antu, lissafin kudi ga 75% zuwa 85% na duk titanium gami amfani. Mutane da yawa sauran titanium gami za a iya la'akari gyare-gyare na Ti-6Al-4V gami.

A cikin 1950s da 1960s, haɓaka manyan gawawwakin titanium masu zafi{2} don injunan jirgin sama da sigar titanium gami don firam ɗin jirgin shine babban abin da aka fi maida hankali akai. A cikin 1970s, an ƙirƙira adadin layukan daɗaɗɗa{5}}allon titanium. Tun daga shekarun 1980s, lalata{8}}allon titanium mai jurewa da manyan gami{9}}arfin titanium sun sami ci gaba. Yanayin zafin aiki na alluran titanium masu juriya ya ƙaru daga digiri 400 a cikin 1950s zuwa 600{19}} digiri 650 a cikin 1990s. Fitowar Al2 (Ti3Al) da r (TiAl) - tushen gami sun canza amfani da titanium daga sanyin ƙarshen injuna (magoya da kwampressors) zuwa ƙarshen zafi (turbines). Gilashin titanium gami suna haɓaka zuwa babban ƙarfi, babban filastik, babban ƙarfi-tauri, babban modules, da babban haƙurin lalacewa.

Jihar Hunan -Mallakar Kasuwancin "Top Ten Innovation Projects" Nunin ⑧丨Maɓalli Fasaha da Masana'antu na Babban -Ayyukan Titanium da Alloys Titanium
Bugu da kari, tun daga shekarun 1970s, sifofin memorin gami irin su Ti{1}}Ni, Ti{2}Ni-Fe, da Ti-Ni{{5}Nb sun fito kuma suna samun karuwar aikace-aikace a aikin injiniya.

Kasar Sin ta samu ci gaba a fannin sarrafa alluran 3D titanium, inda J-20 ta kasance ta farko da ta fara amfani da shi. Hatta fasahohin da suka ci gaba ma suna kan gaba.

An ƙera ɗaruruwan alloys na titanium a duk duniya, tare da 20 zuwa 30 daga cikin shahararrun sune Ti{9}}6Al{10}}4V, Ti{11}}5Al-2.5Sn, Ti-2Al-2.5Zr, Ti-32Mo, Ti-Mo-Ni, Ti-Pd, SP-7242, Ti-6 Ti-10-5-3, Ti-1023, BT9, BT20, IMI829, da IMI834.

Dangane da kididdigar da ta dace, masana'antar sinadarai ta ƙasata ta cinye ton 25,000 na titanium a cikin 2012, raguwa daga 2011. Wannan ya nuna rashin ci gaba na farko a cikin kasuwar sinadarai ta ƙasata tun daga 2009. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masana'antar sinadarai ta kasance mafi girman mai amfani da kayan sarrafa titanium, akai-akai lissafin sama da 50% na titanium mai girma, wanda ya kai 50%. 2011. Duk da haka, tare da raguwar tattalin arziki, masana'antar sinadarai Ba wai kawai an samu raguwar sabbin ayyuka ba, har ma yana fuskantar sake fasalin masana'antu, tare da takaita sabbin damar samar da wasu kayayyaki da kuma kawar da karfin samarwa da suka wuce. Sakamakon haka, raguwar buƙatar kayan aikin titanium ba makawa. Masana masana'antu a baya sun yi hasashen cewa yin amfani da titanium a cikin masana'antar sinadarai zai kai kololuwa tsakanin shekarar 2013 zuwa 2015. Idan aka yi la'akari da yadda kasuwar ke gudana a halin yanzu, raunin tattalin arzikin gaba daya a shekarar 2012 zai iya kawo raguwar amfani da titanium a masana'antar sinadarai.